Investigating The Expository Qualification And The Debate...

The objective of this task is to investigate the expository qualification and the debate between the Personalistic and Naturalistic position in the originations of experimental history in psychological research, it likewise clarified the correlation between the two ideas and how the zeitgeist secured the associations with each of these ideas. Zeitgeist portrays as the â€Å"spirit of the time† and amid the seventeenth and nineteenth hundreds of years. On the occasion of the recorded advancement of exploratory psychological science, the two primary perspectives have developed. The personalistic are enriched with an excellent in character of an individual providing for them an astounding thing, while the naturalistic portrays that no one but†¦show more content†¦This information has been separated from a mixture of sources and they show up here in completely arbitrary request. In the history of psychology it was originally the branch of philosophy until the late 180 0s, it examines the mental blueprints and behavior setting off again to the old Greeks regardless is in its earliest stages. The authentic scenery of mind examination unfolds that various distinctive issues still exchanged words by specialists today are set aside a few minutes’ philosophical traditions. Personalistic and Naturalistic In considering the obvious progression of exploratory research, it explores two main views of the recorded headway, approaches to view the verifiable improvement of the historical development of scientific psychology; these are the personalistic theory and the naturalistic theory. The personalistic theory, also known as â€Å"great man/person,†, it holds that a picked few individuals are novel in that they are contributing with a phenomenal internal quality accommodating them the capability to do remarkable or uncommon things, but at the point when it applied to scientific history it is accepted that this quality permits them to shape the course of that history with simply their plans or ideas. Personalistic perspectives are still all things considered held even today. Ordinarily, when some individual is asked to name whose game plans and emotions have changed the course of

ethics Essay - 840 Words

Samantha St.Upery Ethics Essay ETH/316 August 7, 2014 Mrs. Mona Ristovv Ethics Essay Utilitarianism ethics accentuates that the activity that should be ethically beneficial to the group. In further terms, the outcome of any moral activity ought to be valuable for all by mass offer. This is a universal fundamental theme for ethics in industrialist economies and business as well as in all governments. Virtue Theory is also known as virtue ethics focal point on the person’s character as opposed to the standards and outcomes of the particular acts. This fundamentally means that the prime focus is endured or not to the person who acting ethically is a person who upholds the high virtues and morals, in expressing the†¦show more content†¦A person who polishes good virtual ethics would call attention to that by helping the individual, doing so would be a magnanimous demonstration and would express great character of the individual supporting the one in need. One who practices utilitarianism would say that by helping the individual, doing so would be useful f or both the individual in need and the individual making a difference. A deontologist would say that by helping, it would be so in agreement to an ethical tenet, for example, karma, or what you do to others will return to you. As the illustration shows, virtue theory concentrates on an individuals ethical morals, and not on any particular conclusion or guideline. Utilitarianism has a stress on more prominent elses benefit, concentrating on an advantageous conclusion for all persons included, where the results of acting are useful to a group. At long last, deontology stresses obligation as the particular activity being carried out in fulfillment of emulating a particular good code, governor charge. In past role as a sales/inventory associate for Centennial wireless. A problem with ethical decisions came up on a daily basis on the job. On a daily basis, I had to do the daily deposits and check each associate cash drawer that always had 100.00 dollars in them at all times. Multiple tim es a sales rep had over their cash drawer or short. If they were short, they had to place the cash that was short to equal 100.00 dollars or if they were overShow MoreRelatedEthics And Ethics : Ethics922 Words   |  4 Pagesand friend group to be altered. One change I was not anticipating making was my approach to ethics. Over the course of the past fifteen weeks, my knowledge of ethics as well as my approach to ethics has changed. I have become more knowledgeable about the different approaches to ethics and have gained insight as to where I stand in my approach to ethics. One thing that has changed in my approach to ethics since the beginning of the semester is I am now adamant that it is impossible to arrive at aRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ Define ethics. Ethics is defined as the moral principles and standards that guide the behavior of an individual or group, while business ethics refers to said behavior in the work environment. Great leaders demonstrate and practice this both personally and professionally. With today’s constant media coverage of unethical decisions and their violators, it can be easy for many to people to assume that ethics codes are â€Å"just for show†. A prime example of the unethical culture that exists in businessRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics851 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Berger who stated, â€Å"Without ethics, man has no future. This is to say, mankind without them cannot be itself. Ethics determine choices and actions and suggest difficult priorities† (Berger). His meaning behind that quote is simple. In this world is there a right and a wrong way of doing something? In this world, ethics determines our actions and the consequences that come about those actions, determining right and wrong. The real question is however, are Ethics black and white? Is what is â€Å"right†Read MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics955 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Ethics is a key moral philosophy that helps us determine what is right and wrong. This paper will talk about my views on ethics. I will share personal examples of ethical situations that I have been in. I will also share where my ethical views originated from and why ethics is important to me. Next, I will discuss how ethics will affect my career and why it will be important in it. Lastly, I will talk about the importance of ethics in the global world. Personal: In my opinion ethics is a moralRead MoreEthics And The Ethics Of Ethics929 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics Nurse’s Before all parties involved can begin a working relationship, each individual should discuss and obtain a written description of the duties expected and the code of ethics that should be respected and followed; by beginning with a clear understanding of ethical values. Ethics: the study of right and wrong and how to tell the difference between them. Since ethics also means people s beliefs about right and wrong behavior, ethics can be defined as the study of ethics. EthicsRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1569 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics In Nursing Rayda M. Garcia Fairleigh Dickinson Universityâ€Æ' Ethics In Nursing The study of ethics, or applied ethics, is necessary for healthcare professionals who often face dilemmas that are not experienced by the general population. The fast-paced growth of medical technology has made the study of ethics even more relevant. The study of bioethics, or biomedical ethics, refers to moral dilemmas due to advances in medicine and medical research. Since medical law and ethics are oftenRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics775 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion to settle a shareholder lawsuit. We can refer from the two previous examples that ethics education is crucial. The main reason for ethics education is that ethics courses and training would help students, who are going to become future managers and business decision makers, to resolve such ethical dilemmas correctly. As we know that most dilemmas often have multiple decision criteria. Business ethics classes would help students to realize which decision criteria lead to a preference for aRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees that the work place ethics code forbids using work-place resources for personal financial profit. To make ethically right decision in this ethical dilemma, I will focus on the philosophers’ standpoint and reasoning of ethics of care, ethics of justice, utilitarian ethics and universal principle to analyze the situation. In this tough situation, my conclusion is that I will not report this action to the higher authority although she is violating wor k place ethics code. I will provide my reasoningRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1485 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics is a concept derived from an individual’s religion, philosophies or culture, forming a collection of moral principles carrying out the manner in which a person leads their life. In modern society philosophers divide ethical theories into three separate areas, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Meta-ethics refer to the origins and meanings of ethical principles, dealing with the nature of moral judgement. Normative ethics refers to what is right and wrong and concerned withRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics987 Words   |  4 PagesEthics affect every facet of life, especially in a professional community. When a decision is to be made within a community, the ethical decision is typically that which benefits the most people or harms the least people. There are some scenarios however, when the correct decision based on a system of ethics that values doing the right thing is not the decision that leaves behind the least negative impact on the organization. An organization must decide if it will follow the system of ethics that

Lotus Versus Zen Buddhism Free Essays

William Bettley 4/3/2013 Cul 260 Prof. Grohe Zen (or Chan) and Lotus Buddhism A Comparison Essay Buddhism, like many other major religions has expanded past a simple definition. There are a large number of regions that practice this astronomically large religion, and throughout the years since its introduction to the world it has developed a large number of ways to practice the belief system. We will write a custom essay sample on Lotus Versus Zen Buddhism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sect with the largest number of temples in Japan is Zen Buddhism, the second largest number belong to the Lotus, or Nichiren Sect. Zen, being the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese character Chan, falls into a much larger sect of Buddhism, with many different branches; this paper will look into the Japanese Zen branch and the Soto-Zen branch. These branches will be compared to the almost exclusively Japanese sect of Buddhism, Nichiren. The Nichiren sect, that borrows its name from its founder, is an extremely large sect of Buddhism whose main sutra is the Lotus Sutra. The Nichiren sect of Buddhism is any denomination of Buddhism that derives its beliefs from the teachings of the ancient Japanese teacher Nichiren. Nichiren is comprised of more than forty different independent religious institutions. Nichiren, originally a monk of the Tendai doctrine did not see himself as the creator of a sect, nor did he give his followers a name. It was in his death that his teachings, based on the Lotus Sutra, were denominated to be the Lotus sect of Buddhism† (Buswell Vol. 2). The largest of the Nichiren branches has its largest temple in Yamanashi and is called Nichrenshu. â€Å"Nichiren adopted the Tiantai School doctrine of reality as three thousand realms in a single thought to explain the theoretical basis upon which ordinary people can reach Buddhahood. He found this single thought doctrine not as an access from meditation, but as concrete manifestations from the three great secret dharmas. He derived these three secret dharmas from the latter half of the Lotus Sutra, or the origin teachings, thus these three secret dharmas became the core of his teachings. † (Buswell Vol. 2) The Daimoku, or name, is the Myohorengekyo or name of the Lotus Sutra. Nichiren believed this to embody the essence of all Buddhist teachings. He felt that all that Buddha is and was and ever will be can be embodied in a practitioner through the faith and chanting of this name. He felt that through reciting this mane, the essence of the Buddhist teaching can be transferred to the practitioner in a moment of faith. This was the first dharma of lotus teaching. As with most major religions, and religious sects, there is an identifying object. The Lotus sect of Buddhism is no different. The second dharma of Lotus teaching was the honzon, or object of worship. During Nichiren’s lifetime he developed a calligraphy Mandala, an example of which you can see above. This is an example of the item of worship you would bear reverence to in this sect of Buddhism, and this can be found in every Lotus Buddhist temple. Namu Myohorengekyo is inscribed down the center, and to the left and right are inscribed the names of Buddha, along with the representatives of the assembly of the Lotus Sutra. The third dharma is the most controversial. The kaidan is to some a platform of belief, while to others it is a physical thing. By definition it is a platform loosely described in Nichiren’s writings. It is more definitely an ordination platform. In the esoteric sense it means that wherever one embraces the Lotus sutra is the Buddha land. There is not much to say about this but to say that Nichiren has mixed reviews on what he believed this to be. â€Å"Zen is the Japanese pronunciation of the Japanese character Chan† (Buswell Vol. 2). This was one of the first quotes in my paper, and allows us to look at Zen in a different light. While it remains the Zen school of Buddhism in Japan, it is a branch of the Chan school of Buddhism, thus to look at Zen, you must first see Chan. This section will look into both the Japanese Zen Buddhism, and the Soto Chan Buddhism. Japanese Zen Buddhism is almost exactly like the original Chan School, because it took upon itself Chan concepts in Japanese style. There is not much of a difference between the Chan School and central Buddhist practice, and thus I will not look deeply into it. One of the primary notable things about the Zen school is that it, much like other schools, incited much violence between the schools because of a difference of views. Soto Chan Buddhism takes as its main concept that one is already Buddha, and to take up the mantle, you must sit in meditation without the attempting to become Buddha. This is interesting and much different from what we have learned prior in this paper. Most schools of Buddhism do not see themselves already being Buddha, and most strive to achieve Buddhism, and that takes a huge parting path from original Buddha teachings. Thus far in this paper we have broken down many branches of Buddhism schools and how they differ in belief. That being the target of the paper would imply that this is the end, but I must make a few additional remarks. In Buddhism one strives to achieve enlightenment. In that cause Buddhism is different from many religions. It takes a walk away from heaven, and strives towards the land of Buddha. But like many other religions there is discrepancy, and thus there is conflict. That does not mean that Buddhism is bad, just normal. There is much more depth this paper could look into, but doing so would make this a Buddhism paper, and not just the cores of the sects I am looking into. To see more of how this paper applies to Buddhism, would much improve the knowledge of the coherency of this paper. References Buswell, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol. 1 Macmillan Reference USA. 004 PP, 134-135 Buswell, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol. 2 Macmillan Reference USA. 2004 PP, 595-598, 293 Princeton EDU Nichiren Buddhism, Author Unknown, https://www. princeton. edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Nichiren_Buddhism. html Yusa, Michiko. Japanese Religious Traditions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. All images belong to their original owners and no profit will be made from their inclusion in this paper. Any profit from this paper will be distributed to the owners of the original image holders at their request. How to cite Lotus Versus Zen Buddhism, Papers

To Kill a Mockingbird Compared with Jasper Jones free essay sample

Two texts, in which the theme is presented in an admirable way , are ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ by Harper Lee, and ‘Jasper Jones’ by Craig Silvey. Through the use of the protagonists the theme is presented in a way that allows the reader to realize the harsh reality of the subject matter, yet it is still demonstrated in a approachable and relatable way, further enhanced by the first-person narration of the books. These two characters, as well as some of the lesser characters in the books, and the literary devices used throughout the works, allow light to be shed on the theme of prejudice. During 1930s America, and 1960s Australia, racial prejudice was at its highest point, with African- Americans, and Aborigines, treated as a second class, and forbidden to have the privileges that white people had. Both texts deal with a specific sequence of events in which readers can infer the prejudicial aspect of life in that era. Not only do the books deal with different nationalities and different time periods, but it can be argued that Craig Silvey’s novel is simply a product of Harper Lee’s ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ and this will also be looked at throughout this essay. Contextual Information Racism in America was profound during the early part of the 20th century and the most often used racism came in the form of hatred towards the African-Americans. The migration of African Americans happened during 1910-1930 and sparked the black-white segregation in America. (Berlin, â€Å"The African Immigration to Colonial America). The African-Americans were treated as property, as second class citizens and this did not come to a halt until the Institution of Slavery was abolished. Even today this segregation can be seen in some areas, as in some etropolitan neighbourhoods the blacks and whites live differently, and experience a different quality of life. ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ by Harper Lee is an iconic tale that tells the story of this prejudice, and other forms of prejudice in small town America. It is set in 1930’s Alabama and follows the story of two children, Scout and Jem, as they aim to get the neighbourhood â€Å"spook†, Boo Radley out of his home. Meanwhile, their father, Atticus is meanwhile defending a black man, Tom Robinson, who was wrongly accused by two white people, in the court of law. Atticus’ main rival, Bob Ewell, attacks Jem and Scout and who is to come to their rescue but Boo Radley himself, teaching Scout, our narrator, that everyone has the right and ability to be a good or bad person, and race, or social hierarchy has nothing to do with it. Australia also dealt with racism and prejudice towards a different race the Aboriginals. Ignorance and misunderstanding of the aboriginal culture lead to the mistreatment of them, and even today this racism can be found with those who do not believe that Aboriginals are people, but are instead flora and fauna which was politically correct until 1967. Wangka Maya) ‘Jasper Jones’ by Craig Silvey is set in Western Australia during 1965, and follows the story of young Charlie Bucktin after he is let in on a secret one night. The towns mixed-race ‘bad boy’, Jasper Jones, has found the body of his good friend Laura Wishart. Jasper knows he will get blamed for the murder if he says anything, an d convinces Charlie to help him hide the body until they uncover the truth. Whilst doing so they face racism and hypocrisy and Charlie learns that not everybody is what their stereotype makes them out to be. Prejudice in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ There is a multitude of ways in which prejudice is shown in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’. Not only through the use of Tom Robinson as a character and his unjust trial, but also through the use of the Finches coloured housekeeper, Cal, and the prejudice against Boo Radley because of his past crimes. Tom Robinson has done nothing wrong yet is still accused and even Atticus Finch, Tom’s lawyer, knows nothing can be done to defend a black man against two dishonest whites. The children’s naivety plays an important role in presenting the theme of prejudice in the book, especially the narration and how Scout, Jem, and Dill did not truly understand what was happening at the time, which creates an almost dramatic irony in the fact that the reader is able to comprehend more than the characters created by Lee. At the end of the novel much light is shed on the fact that one should not ‘judge a book by its cover’ and that no matter what race, or social standing a person has there is room for the opportunity to be good or bad. This can be seen through Atticus’ Finch stating that the family could not stand one day without their black housekeeper, despite the juxtaposing character of his sister’s best efforts to get rid of her. It can also be seen through the Ewell family. They are a white family that have money and a social standing in the town. Bob Ewell is an evil man who drinks away the family’s money. His character is foreshadowed by his son, Burris, and the abhorrent characteristics he displays towards the teacher and other students at school. However, the seriousness of the society’s underlying prejudice is again shown when the untrustworthy Ewell family are not questioned when they accuse Tom Robinson because of the colour of his skin. â€Å"There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads- they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s word, the white always wins. They’re ugly, but these are the facts of life† (Lee, 224). This quotation by Atticus Finch shows the harshness of the racist reality that was 1930’s America. By having an educated character, such as the lawyer Atticus Finch, stating these facts, the reader can conclude that nothing can be done about these facts, and it simply was the way of life during the time period in which the book is set. You aren’t really a niggerlover, then, are you? (107), this second quotation again shows the seriousness of the racist prejudice against African-Americans at the time. The names white people would label them with, and the fact that showing any compassion for them comes with negative connotations reinforces the idea that African-Americans were in fact, inferior to the white race. The cacophonous diction used by Lee in this quotation also allows the reader to realize the harsh reality of simply being associated with black people during the 1930s. 3 The symbolism of the mockingbird in the novel also shows the prejudice towards the AfricanAmericans, and especially Tom Robinson. When it is said that â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† (96) , Harper Lee uses the mockingbird to represent Tom Robinson, doing nothing wrong but ending up paying for it. This symbol, although not completely obvious in the novel, is still a vital part to understanding the title of the book and Tom Robinson as a character. Not only is the symbolism of the mockingbird cemented in the novel through this quotation, but songbirds are present as a motif throughout the book as a representation of innocent people being treated badly. Such motifs can be seen in the quotation â€Å"the senseless slaughter of songbirds† (109), this quotation not only emphasizes the killing of mockingbirds as a negative commodity, but the sibilance used by Lee depicts the singing of the songbirds, creating auditory imagery for the reader. Boo Radley is also a character that is seen in a way that he does not deserve. The children describe Boo Radley as â€Å"malevolent phantom† (14) and talked about the fact that they had never seen him, but had only heard terrible rumours about him. Through the actions of Boo Radley, such as wanting to be friends with the children, leaving them gifts in the knothole, covering Scout up with a blanket so she would not get cold, and eventually protecting them against Bob Ewell, we can infer that the children learn a lesson that they should never believe what others say about people. Just because Boo is seen as a ‘freak’ in the town, and children usually run past his house, it does not mean that he is not a good person. Boo Radley is also a symbol of the children growing up, and their innocence being destroyed by finally acknowledging that both good and evil that can be present in people, regardless of their race and hierarchical standpoint. By maturing and accepting Mr. Radley as a real person, even as their friend, rather than the towns ‘ghost’ the children are realizing that there really is â€Å"just one kind of folks. Folks. † (259), meaning that all people are equal. There is a certain juxtaposition placed on the characters that are Boo Radley, and Tom Robinson, because although they are of a different race, they are both nnocent and sympathetic characters. To an extent, Mr. Radley is to the children, what Tom Robinson is to society, and this allows the readers to ascertain the fact that the prejudice and standing that society places on people, are not always correct or deserved. Boo Radley, and his lifestyle, is again judged in the quotation that is â€Å"the old house wa s the same, droopy and sick, but as we stared down the street we thought we saw an inside shutter move. Flick. A tiny, almost invisible movement, and the house was still†. (21) 4 Through the personification of the house as being sick, we can imagine the house as a character, that nobody wants to go near, much like Boo Radley. Prejudice is not only presented in the novel through the use of racism, and false accusations but also through the social hierarchy that the citizens of Maycomb, Alabama, are a part of. The Finch children, and their father Atticus, are at the top of the ladder with farmers and other towns people such as the Cunninghams, and at the lower end are the ‘white trash’ Ewells who are described to be a horrible family, but even below them are the African-American community of Maycomb. This hierarchy further emphasizes the inaccurate placement of the people of Maycomb. Lee’s quote â€Å"they were people, but they lived like animals† (36), describing the Ewell family, allows the reader to deduce that the black people were placed even under those who lived like animals, which further displays the mistreatment of African-American people. â€Å"Dont matter who they are, anybody sets foot in this houses yo company, and dont you let me catch you remarkin on their ways like you was so high and mighty! † (30). This quotation, said by Cal, the coloured housekeeper, to the Finch children, shows that often times the Finch children would remind others, or act as though they were top of the social hierarchy, by having a black lady say this is allows the reader to further infer that the message being presented in the book is that no matter what race you are, there is an opportunity for morality, and correct values. This is again presented in the scene in the book when Cal takes the Finch children to her ‘negro’ church, and both Jem and Scout learn that the tereotypes, and prejudice placed upon these people is entirely wrong. The theme of prejudice is shown through the tone and narration of the novel. By having the narrator as a young child in first person, we can view difficult realities in a naive and friendly way. The youthful and childlike tone in which the novel is written helps us to comprehend the idea that as children grow into adults there are qualities that are not only gai ned, but many qualities are eliminated. Because we read Scout’s, and occasionally Jem’s, point of view it allows the reader to realize that children are a lot more accepting of people than adults, such as Bob Ewell, and not only learn through being taught what is right and wrong, but by experiencing the good and evil in people for themselves. By being told about multiple families all experiencing different forms of prejudice we can deduce that by standing up for what you believe, you may be alienated from your peers, but by going along with your peers and simply allowing others beliefs to control everything it can create an atmosphere of prejudice. After all, a community’s morals are the sum of what its individuals believe. 5 Prejudice in ‘Jasper Jones’ Prejudice is a major theme in the novel ‘Jasper Jones’ by Craig Silvey. The main message is that nobody is who, or what, others expect them to be, and by providing prejudice and stereotypes about our main characters, the reader can infer that the characters are not what they first appear to be, and not what society thinks they are. This is shown through the fact that at first, our protagonist Charlie Bucktin realizes that Jasper Jones, the novels partial antagonist, is not what society deems him as, â€Å"a thief, a liar, a thug, a truant. He’s lazy and unreliable. Jasper Jones is the example of where poor aptitude and attitude will lead† (Silvey, 5). We first notice the prejudice against characters in the book in the very beginning when Jasper Jones knows straight away that he will be blamed for the murder of Laura Wishart. Not because he was the one that found her body, but rather because of his race, his background and his reputation in society. There is much irony placed on the theme of prejudice in this novel. Jasper experiences mass amounts of prejudice towards himself, yet he blames somebody else for the murder, for no other reason than for what he has heard about this man. This allows the reader to further understand racism, and its relationship with blame. Blame is a theme that is largely presented in the novel ‘Jasper Jones’, not only through the character Jasper Jones and his fear of being blamed for Laura Wisharts murder, but the concept of blame itself. Who is actually to blame, solely the person who perpetrated the crime, or are those that stand by and do not say anything to blame as well? The characters Jeffrey Lu and Jasper Jones present the theme of prejudice. Although Jasper Jones is not present for the majority of the story, his presence as a character is fundamental to the message of prejudice, and not blaming people just because of what society deems they are. The folks who watch Jasper play, who barrack for him like he was one of their own, are the same ones who might cut their eyes at him should he walk their way a few hours later. Once the game is over, he’s back to being shunned by the boys. †(60) This allows us to further see the immense hypocrisy and prejudice that is placed on these two boys for something so simple as the colour of their skin . The ‘cut their eyes’ metaphor is also important in describing the abhorrent way in which people would look at Jasper Jones behind his back. Charlie’s best friend, Jeffrey Lu, is a vietnamese immigrant. His family are ridiculed due to the fact that the story is set in the time of the Vietnam War, and Australians were being drafted to fight. Jeffrey Lu experiences prejudice from his peers at school, as they call him ‘cong’ referring to the Viet Cong soldiers. Although the boys receive contempt, and taunting, from the majority of the people who live in the village, throughout the 6 novel Charlie learns to idolize, and respect the two boys, especially Jasper. Charlie states â€Å" I trust him, I really do. Not because I have to. I think he’s probably the most honest person in this town, he has no reason to lie, no reputation to protect. † (42) This quotation shows again that the race or ethnicity to which you belong does not determine what kind of person you are. A symbol that represents Charlie coming to respect and trust Jasper, despite the prejudice views that are placed upon him, is the argument between Charlie and Jeffrey, who is better, Batman or Superman? Charlie describes Batman as being braver, and more of a role model because â€Å"he has the same vulnerabilities as the rest of us, so he has the same fears as us. That’s why he is the most courageous: because he can put those aside and fight on regardless. My point is this: the more you have to lose, the braver you are for standing up†. 54) He later goes on to talk about Jasper saying that â€Å"And I see it now, just how counterfeit his confidence is. It’s a noise, a distraction, hot air. It’s Batman’s cape†. (228) Silvey comparing the character of Jasper Jones to Batman further emphases how brave Jasper Jones is for putting up with such prejudice remarks. Through these quotations we can not only see Charlie in his childlike, naive tone, ta lking about superheroes, but because it is done in a complex way we can understand that he idolizes Jasper in the way that he idolizes Batman. Another way in which prejudice is represented in the novel is the suicide, initially suspected murder, of Laura Wishart and the fact that Jasper knows he will be blamed for it, and even still blames himself when they find out it was a suicide. He tells Charlie â€Å"It’s my fault, it’s my fault this happened†. (250) This is a prime example that after being told something so often, that may not be true, you eventually start to believe it. Throughout the book we see signs of the prejudice interfering with Jaspers mind, and eventually leading him to believe a lot of the statements himself. He doesn’t understand why the townspeople call him â€Å"half an animal with half a vote† and he is angry about the fact that â€Å"They never ask why. They never wonder why he would be stealin’. They reckon it’s just his nature†. (34) Bringing the reader again to the theory of prejudice being preconceived ideas of people based on their religion, and/or race. 7 Comparison between the two texts There are many similarities between the two novels ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ and ‘Jasper Jones’. Prejudice being the main coinciding theme, as well as the fact that both books show signs of irony and hypocrisy, and both are written in the same narrative voice, and childlike tone. There are also many character crossovers in the texts, and ‘Jasper Jones’ even has mention of Harper Lee, and Atticus Finch from ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ which suggests the idea that Silvey is simply a product of Harper Lee, and that he took the ideas of ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ and adapted them to an Australian setting. Both texts are set in small country towns, and show the racism and prejudice that was a normality of the time period the books were set in. The storyline’s of both books also deal with the disconnect between law and justice, and come to the conclusion that no matter what the real truth is, people will believe what they want to, and what others pressure them to. This obviously is unjust and thus, deals with the fact that the law and justice are not always coherent with each other. The final similar theme in both novels is the co-existence of good and evil, and how people are not always the person they initially appear to be. The hypocrisy and irony in the books can be seen through the characters, Jasper Jones, Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, Mr. Wishart, and the Ewell family. Jasper Jones shows hypocrisy in that he is upset and angry with the fact that he is immediately blamed for Laura’s death without any evidence, yet he goes on to blame somebody else in the town under the same disproven circumstances. This again shows the theme of prejudice because in Jasper’s world prejudice is all he has ever know, this leads him to feel that it is just to blame somebody based on their reputation and people’s perception of them. The second irony comes in the fact that Boo Radley, and Tom Robinson are treated as bad people in society because of their race and past, yet they turn out to be innocent and kind at heart. Although Tom Robinson’s fate does not fair well, Mr. Radley eventually goes on to protect the Finch children and is no longer seen as the ghost of Maycomb. Likewise, Mad Jack Lionel in ‘Jasper Jones’ is seen as a phantom like character and is never seen by the children, they just make up and spread rumours about him. In ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ the children have an obsession with touching Boo Radley’s house, it becomes almost a game for them, which is similar to the way the children in ‘Jasper Jones’ like to attempt to steal peaches from Mad Jack Lionel’s yard if you pull it off, you gain some sort of respect from the rest of the children in the town. In a similar manner, Mr. Wishart in ‘Jasper Jones’ and the Ewell family in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ are seen as good people in the town just because they are white, Mr. Wishart even 8 ives in the posh part of the Australian town, and Bob Ewell is given the benefit of the doubt over Atticus Finch and Tom Robinson, yet it is revealed that beneath the surface they are both drunks, and bad people. Thus bringing us to the conclusion that prejudice is placed against people that are definitely not deserving of it. It also ties in with the theme of the co-existence of good and bad, and how peo ple with moral opposites can live together, this is further developed through the innocence of the protagonists, and how they learn to confront evil. In ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ Scout deals with this confrontation by having Atticus tell her that people can have good and evil inside of them, yet one must focus on the good, whilst accepting and sympathizing with the evil, a quality that Charlie Bucktin in ‘Jasper Jones’ also has. One of the main comparisons that can be made, is the fact that Jasper Jones almost sees Charlie as his own Atticus Finch. Reference to this is made in the quotation â€Å"I wonder too if Jasper actually needs my help, if he came to my window looking for Atticus Finch†. 144) There is in fact quite a few similarities between Charlie Bucktin and Atticus Finch in the way that they are not afraid to stand up for what they believe, and who they wish to be allies with no matter what society deems is correct. Atticus believes that â€Å"you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†, ( Lee, 35) this quotation is not only a pivotal piece of advice in the development of Lee’s novel as a bildungsroman, but sparks Scouts growth throughout the novel as a whole. Similarly, Silvey writes in ‘Jasper Jones’ â€Å"Thats what you do right? When you’re reading? You’re seeing what it’s like for other people† (Silvey, 52) and this is one of the main reasons that Charlie is such an avid reader, he loves to understand what its like to be other people. Comparison is also made between Atticus Finch, and Mr. Bucktin Charlie’s father. Charlie suggest throughout the book that his father could have been a great lawyer, but that would mean he would have to stand up for something, and it is not until he stands up for An Lu, another Vietnamese immigrant, that Charlie finds him extremely brave. This is similar to the way the Finch children do not see their father as a brave man, until he fights a vicious dog. Craig Silvey makes this comparison more obvious in ‘Jasper Jones’ by having a â€Å"gnashing, and barking dog† (203) in the background when Mr. Bucktin stands up for their Vietnamese friends. These direct references to Lee’s novel in ‘Jasper Jones’ again depict the idea that Silvey’s book was simply a product of the themes and characters present in the classic novel that is Harper Lee’s ‘To Kill a Mockingbird. 9 Conclusion To conclude, although their are a few other pressing themes in both works, prejudice and the concept of people not always being what society believes them to be are the main messages expressed by both authors. This is shown in two instances in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ the character Tom Robinson and his trial, being defended by a white man Atticus Finch, and Boo Radley and his eventual friendship and protection of the Finch children although they were once part of the hype that believed he was just a phantom who came out at night. In ‘Jasper Jones’ these ideas are presented through Jasper Jones and his belief that he would definitely be blamed for Laura Wishart’s death just because of his Aboriginal race, as well as Jeffrey Lu and his struggle to adapt to teenage life in Western Australia because of his Vietnamese ethnicity. Because both texts are written in first person narrative, through the childlike tone of a teenager, and a young child, living at the time, the complex ideas of racism, hypocrisy and prejudice are easily understood yet still extremely circuitous.